"Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Spindle Transmission Structures hauv Machining Centers"
Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm niaj hnub mechanical processing, machining centers nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb txoj hauj lwm nrog lawv npaum thiab meej ua muaj peev xwm. Tus lej tswj qhov system, raws li lub hauv paus tswj hwm ntawm lub chaw machining, txib tag nrho cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm zoo li tib neeg lub hlwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, spindle ntawm machining chaw yog sib npaug rau tib neeg lub siab thiab yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsiab ua lub zog ntawm lub machining chaw. Nws qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb ntawm nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv lub spindle ntawm lub machining chaw, ib tug yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.
Cov spindles ntawm machining chaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub hom raws li lawv cov qauv sib kis: iav-tsav spindles, siv-tsav spindles, ncaj-coupled spindles, thiab hluav taws xob spindles. Cov kev sib kis plaub no muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab kev sib hloov ceev, thiab lawv ua si tshwj xeeb zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm sib txawv.
I. Iav-tsav spindle
Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub iav-tsav spindle feem ntau yog 6000r / min. Ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo ntawm spindle rigidity, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog rau lub sijhawm txiav hnyav. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hnyav txiav, spindle yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib tug loj txiav quab yuam yam tsis muaj teeb meem deformation. Lub iav-tsav spindle tsuas yog ua tau raws li qhov xav tau no. Tsis tas li ntawd, iav-tsav spindles feem ntau yog nruab rau ntawm ntau lub tshuab spindle. Multi-spindle tshuab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam workpieces ib txhij los yog synchronously txheej txheem ntau yam ntawm ib tug workpiece, uas yuav tsum tau lub spindle kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab. Cov iav kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau qhov du thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub zog xa mus, yog li ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tshuab spindle.
Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub iav-tsav spindle feem ntau yog 6000r / min. Ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo ntawm spindle rigidity, uas ua rau nws tsim nyog rau lub sijhawm txiav hnyav. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hnyav txiav, spindle yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib tug loj txiav quab yuam yam tsis muaj teeb meem deformation. Lub iav-tsav spindle tsuas yog ua tau raws li qhov xav tau no. Tsis tas li ntawd, iav-tsav spindles feem ntau yog nruab rau ntawm ntau lub tshuab spindle. Multi-spindle tshuab feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua ntau yam workpieces ib txhij los yog synchronously txheej txheem ntau yam ntawm ib tug workpiece, uas yuav tsum tau lub spindle kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ntseeg siab. Cov iav kis tau tus mob tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau qhov du thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub zog xa mus, yog li ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tshuab spindle.
Txawm li cas los xij, iav-tsav spindles kuj muaj qee qhov tsis txaus. Vim yog cov qauv sib kis ntawm cov iav sib txawv, kev tsim khoom thiab kev saib xyuas cov nqi kuj tseem siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov iav yuav tsim qee lub suab nrov thiab kev co thaum lub sij hawm sib kis, uas yuav muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov iav kis tau tus mob yog qhov tsawg thiab yuav siv qee lub zog.
II. Siv-tsav spindle
Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm txoj siv-tsav spindle yog 8000r / min. Cov qauv sib kis no muaj ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov qauv yooj yim yog ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Kev siv txoj hlua khi yog tsim los ntawm cov rub thiab siv. Cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab nruab. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txo cov nqi tsim khoom tab sis kuj ua rau kev saib xyuas thiab kho kom yooj yim dua. Thib ob, kev tsim khoom yooj yim kuj yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txoj siv-tsav spindles. Vim nws cov qauv yooj yim, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm kuj yooj yim los tswj, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Ntxiv mus, txoj siv-tsav spindles muaj zog buffering peev xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov txheej txheem, lub spindle yuav raug rau ntau yam kev cuam tshuam thiab kev vibrations. Lub elasticity ntawm txoj siv yuav ua tau zoo buffering lub luag hauj lwm thiab tiv thaiv spindle thiab lwm yam kis tau tus mob Cheebtsam los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub spindle yog overloaded, txoj siv yuav plam, uas zoo tiv thaiv spindle thiab zam kev puas tsuaj vim overload.
Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm txoj siv-tsav spindle yog 8000r / min. Cov qauv sib kis no muaj ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov qauv yooj yim yog ib qho ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Kev siv txoj hlua khi yog tsim los ntawm cov rub thiab siv. Cov qauv yog qhov yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev tsim thiab nruab. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog txo cov nqi tsim khoom tab sis kuj ua rau kev saib xyuas thiab kho kom yooj yim dua. Thib ob, kev tsim khoom yooj yim kuj yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm txoj siv-tsav spindles. Vim nws cov qauv yooj yim, cov txheej txheem ntau lawm kuj yooj yim los tswj, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev tsim khoom zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Ntxiv mus, txoj siv-tsav spindles muaj zog buffering peev xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm ua cov txheej txheem, lub spindle yuav raug rau ntau yam kev cuam tshuam thiab kev vibrations. Lub elasticity ntawm txoj siv yuav ua tau zoo buffering lub luag hauj lwm thiab tiv thaiv spindle thiab lwm yam kis tau tus mob Cheebtsam los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub spindle yog overloaded, txoj siv yuav plam, uas zoo tiv thaiv spindle thiab zam kev puas tsuaj vim overload.
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj siv-tsav spindles tsis zoo tag nrho. Txoj siv tawv yuav qhia txog kev hnav thiab kev laus tshwm sim tom qab siv mus ntev thiab yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseeb ntawm txoj siv txoj hlua txuas yog qhov tsawg thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm raug. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee lub sijhawm uas qhov kev ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua tsis yog siab tshwj xeeb, txoj siv sia-tsav spindle tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo.
III. Direct-coupled spindle
Qhov ncaj-coupled spindle yog tsav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm spindle thiab lub cev muaj zog los ntawm kev sib txuas. Cov qauv kev sib kis no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov torsion loj thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Nws qhov kev sib hloov ceev yog siab dua 12000r / min thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv high-speed machining chaw. Lub peev xwm ua haujlwm siab ceev ntawm qhov sib txuas ncaj nraim ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum ua cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog siab precision thiab cov duab nyuaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav kev txiav sai sai, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tib lub sijhawm.
Qhov ncaj-coupled spindle yog tsav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm spindle thiab lub cev muaj zog los ntawm kev sib txuas. Cov qauv kev sib kis no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov torsion loj thiab kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Nws qhov kev sib hloov ceev yog siab dua 12000r / min thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv high-speed machining chaw. Lub peev xwm ua haujlwm siab ceev ntawm qhov sib txuas ncaj nraim ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum ua cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog siab precision thiab cov duab nyuaj. Nws tuaj yeem ua tiav kev txiav sai sai, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo tib lub sijhawm.
Qhov zoo ntawm qhov ncaj-coupled spindle kuj yog nyob rau hauv nws cov high kis tau tus mob efficiency. Txij li thaum lub spindle txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub cev muaj zog yam tsis muaj lwm yam kev sib txuas hauv nruab nrab, lub zog poob qis thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ncaj-coupled ntxaiv kuj yog qhov siab thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lub sijhawm nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ncaj-coupled spindle kuj muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Vim nws qhov kev sib hloov ceev ceev, qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub cev muaj zog thiab kev sib txuas kuj tseem yog qhov siab, uas ua rau cov khoom siv ntau ntxiv. Ntxiv mus, qhov ncaj-coupled spindle yuav ua kom muaj cua sov ntau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj cua txias kom zoo los xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov spindle.
IV. Hluav taws xob spindle
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm spindle thiab lub cev muaj zog. Lub cev muaj zog yog spindle thiab spindle yog lub cev muaj zog. Ob leeg tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho. Qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no ua rau cov saw hlau xaim hluav taws xob ntxaiv yuav luag xoom, txhim kho kev sib kis tau zoo thiab raug. Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm hluav taws xob ntxaiv yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 18000 - 40000r / min. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, hluav taws xob spindles siv sib nqus levitation bearings thiab hydrostatic bearings tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm 100000r / min. Xws li kev sib hloov ceev ua rau nws siv dav hauv high-speed machining chaw.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm spindle thiab lub cev muaj zog. Lub cev muaj zog yog spindle thiab spindle yog lub cev muaj zog. Ob leeg tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho. Qhov kev tsim tshwj xeeb no ua rau cov saw hlau xaim hluav taws xob ntxaiv yuav luag xoom, txhim kho kev sib kis tau zoo thiab raug. Kev sib hloov ceev ntawm hluav taws xob ntxaiv yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 18000 - 40000r / min. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws, hluav taws xob spindles siv sib nqus levitation bearings thiab hydrostatic bearings tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm 100000r / min. Xws li kev sib hloov ceev ua rau nws siv dav hauv high-speed machining chaw.
Qhov zoo ntawm hluav taws xob spindles yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, vim hais tias tsis muaj ib txwm kis tau tus mob Cheebtsam, cov qauv yog ntau compact thiab occupies tsawg chaw, uas yog conducive rau tag nrho cov tsim thiab layout ntawm lub machining chaw. Thib ob, cov lus teb ceev ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob spindle yog ceev thiab nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo. Ntxiv mus, qhov tseeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntxaiv yog siab thiab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lub sijhawm nrog cov kev ua haujlwm siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub suab nrov thiab kev vibration ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntxaiv yog me me, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, hluav taws xob spindles kuj muaj qee qhov tsis txaus. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob spindles yog siab thiab tus nqi kuj yog siab heev. Ntxiv mus, kev saib xyuas ntawm hluav taws xob spindles yog qhov nyuaj dua. Thaum muaj qhov ua tsis tiav, cov kws tshaj lij kws tshaj lij xav tau kev saib xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntxaiv yuav tsim kom muaj cua sov ntau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj cua txias kom ua haujlwm zoo.
Ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm zoo sib xws, muaj peb hom kev sib kis cov qauv spindles uas muaj feem ntau, xws li siv cov spindles, direct-coupled spindles, thiab hluav taws xob spindles. Gear-driven spindles tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv machining chaw, tab sis lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv multi-spindle machining chaw. Txoj siv-tsav spindles feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm me me thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm loj. Qhov no yog vim txoj siv sia-tsav spindle muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab muaj zog buffering muaj peev xwm, thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov kev xav tau ntawm machining chaw ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv. Direct-coupled spindles thiab hluav taws xob spindles feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv high-speed machining chaw. Qhov no yog vim lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib hloov ceev thiab siab precision, thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm high-ceev machining chaw rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo.
Hauv kev xaus, cov qauv sib kis ntawm machining center spindles muaj lawv tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Thaum xaiv, kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb thiab cov peev nyiaj. Yog xav tau kev txiav hnyav, lub iav-tsav spindle tuaj yeem xaiv tau; Yog hais tias qhov kev ua tiav qhov yuav tsum tau ua tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis yog qhov xav tau, txoj siv-tsav spindle tuaj yeem xaiv tau; yog tias yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua haujlwm siab yog yuav tsum tau, ib qho ncaj-coupled spindle lossis hluav taws xob ntxaiv tuaj yeem xaiv. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev xaiv qhov tsim nyog spindle kis tus qauv tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab machining chaw ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo.